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- <text id=91TT0204>
- <link 93TG0097>
- <title>
- Jan. 28, 1991: Crude In Full Retreat
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Jan. 28, 1991 War In The Gulf
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE GULF WAR, Page 77
- PETROLEUM MARKETS
- Crude in Full Retreat
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Oil prices collapse as fears of a supply cutoff give way to the
- recognition that a glut exists
- </p>
- <p>By JOHN GREENWALD -- Reported by Kathryn Jackson Fallon/New York
- and Ted Gup/Washington
- </p>
- <p> Oil experts call it the "war premium." For the U.S.,
- heightened global anxiety about the security of Persian Gulf
- crude supplies has imposed an extra cost of more than $20
- billion in higher oil prices since Iraq invaded Kuwait last
- August. The burden, acting like a new tax, helped push the U.S.
- into recession and put a drag on sluggish economies around the
- world. With every new rumor out of the Persian Gulf, the war
- premium swung menacingly. The gyrations gave rise to a
- frightening question: How high would oil prices skyrocket if
- fighting actually broke out -- $50 or even $100 per bbl.?
- </p>
- <p> The answer arrived with stunning force last week. At the
- start of hostilities, crude prices rose briefly. On news of the
- initial success of Operation Desert Storm, they collapsed in
- their sharpest drop in history. At the New York Mercantile
- Exchange, oil contracts for February delivery fell $10.56 per
- bbl. on Thursday after an avalanche of sell orders forced a
- one-hour halt in trading moments after the opening bell. The
- frantic trading slashed the oil price to near the $20-per-bbl.
- level that prevailed just before the gulf crisis began.
- "Euphoria is too weak a word," observes John Lichtblau,
- president of the Petroleum Industry Research Foundation. "The
- market assumes that the allied forces will be victorious and
- that Saddam Hussein will not have a chance to inflict any
- damage" on oil supplies. Prices stabilized for a time after
- Iraq's missile attack on Israel, but then closed the week at
- $19.25 per bbl., the lowest level since mid-July.
- </p>
- <p> With every favorable turn in the war, oil prices will tend
- to fall because the world is awash in petroleum. The storage
- tanks of industrial countries are brimming with 3.5 billion
- bbl. of crude, a 96-day cache that is the largest in nearly a
- decade. The supply has built up because of slumping demand in
- the U.S. and other countries mired in recession, along with
- furious pumping by energy-rich nations to make up for the
- boycott of oil from Iraq and Kuwait. Even without the two
- countries' combined daily output of 4.3 million bbl., the rest
- of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries managed
- to produce at the rate of nearly 23.9 million bbl. a day last
- month, in contrast to 23.6 million in July.
- </p>
- <p> The oil-price plunge was aggravated last week because
- industrial countries, mistakenly anticipating an outbreak of
- panic buying as war began, gave the go-ahead to tap their
- emergency petroleum supplies. President Bush authorized the
- month-long sale of 1.1 million bbl. a day from the 585
- million-bbl. Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which is stored in
- salt domes along the Texas and Louisiana coasts. The drawdown
- will provide some 6% of the U.S.'s daily consumption of 17
- million bbl.
- </p>
- <p> Global oil companies also sought to help restrain prices.
- After being admonished by Bush last August to refrain from
- profiteering at the gasoline pump, Big Oil has become mindful
- of its image and eager to forestall congressional moves to pass
- a windfall-profits tax. When the gulf fighting started, such
- energy giants as Chevron, Mobil and Shell pledged to freeze
- gasoline prices at company-owned stations. (The U.S. average
- for regular unleaded fuel was $1.24 per gal. as the war broke
- out, in contrast to $1.01 last August, just before the Iraqi
- invasion.) Shell, Exxon and other firms later cut their
- wholesale prices about 5 cents per gal. when crude prices fell.
- </p>
- <p> While the threat of supply disruptions could cause prices
- to gyrate as long as the war continues, experts say most gulf
- oil installations would be difficult if not impossible to knock
- out. Saudi Arabia, the region's largest oil producer, draws its
- crude from wells equipped with self-triggering shutoff valves
- to protect the oil in case of trouble. Even the vast Saudi port
- in Ras Tanura, which loads most of the country's oil exports,
- could be swiftly replaced by nearby facilities if it were
- damaged in an attack.
- </p>
- <p> Yet unpredictability reigns on the trading floor as well as
- the battlefield. "There is plenty of oil in the world," says
- Barton Biggs, director of worldwide strategy at Morgan Stanley.
- "If it weren't for the crisis in the gulf, prices would be
- about $15 a bbl." While oil seemed headed in that direction,
- any recrudescence of the fears that have haunted the world
- since August could spark another run-up in oil's burdensome war
- premium.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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